AustralieFrV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 003470

The Brassica oleracea genome reveals the asymmetrical evolution of polyploid genomes

Identifieur interne : 003470 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 003469; suivant : 003471

The Brassica oleracea genome reveals the asymmetrical evolution of polyploid genomes

Source :

Nature Communications [ 2041-1723 ] ; 2014.

RBID : PMC:4279128

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Arabidopsis (genetics), Brassica (genetics), Conserved Sequence, DNA Transposable Elements (genetics), Evolution, Molecular, Gene Conversion, Gene Dosage, Gene Duplication, Gene Rearrangement (genetics), Genes, Duplicate, Genes, Plant, Genetic Variation, Genome, Plant, Glucosinolates (metabolism), Molecular Sequence Annotation, Polyploidy, Species Specificity, Synteny (genetics).
MESH :
- chemical , genetics : DNA Transposable Elements.
- genetics : Arabidopsis, Brassica, Gene Rearrangement, Synteny.
- chemical , metabolism : Glucosinolates.
- Conserved Sequence, Evolution, Molecular, Gene Conversion, Gene Dosage, Gene Duplication, Genes, Duplicate, Genes, Plant, Genetic Variation, Genome, Plant, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Polyploidy, Species Specificity.

Abstract

Polyploidization has provided much genetic variation for plant adaptive evolution, but the mechanisms by which the molecular evolution of polyploid genomes establishes genetic architecture underlying species differentiation are unclear. Brassicais an ideal model to increase knowledge of polyploid evolution. Here we describe a draft genome sequence of Brassica oleracea, comparing it with that of its sister species B. rapa to reveal numerous chromosome rearrangements and asymmetrical gene loss in duplicated genomic blocks, asymmetrical amplification of transposable elements, differential gene co-retention for specific pathways and variation in gene expression, including alternative splicing, among a large number of paralogous and orthologous genes. Genes related to the production of anticancer phytochemicals and morphological variations illustrate consequences of genome duplication and gene divergence, imparting biochemical and morphological variation to B. oleracea. This study provides insights into Brassica genome evolution and will underpin research into the many important crops in this genus.

Url:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4279128

DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4930
PubMed: 24852848
PubMed Central: 4279128

Affiliations:

Arabie saoudite, Australie, Canada, Corée du Sud, Danemark, France, Hong Kong, Royaume-Uni, République populaire de Chine, États-Unis

Le document en format XML

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<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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, Beijing 10081,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="King, Graham J" sort="King, Graham J" uniqKey="King G" first="Graham J" last="King">Graham J. King</name>
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, Lismore, New South Wales 2480,<country>Australia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Pires, J Chris" sort="Pires, J Chris" uniqKey="Pires J" first="J. Chris" last="Pires">J. Chris Pires</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a14"><institution>Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri</institution>
, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7310,<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Lu, Changxin" sort="Lu, Changxin" uniqKey="Lu C" first="Changxin" last="Lu">Changxin Lu</name>
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, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Wu, Zhangyan" sort="Wu, Zhangyan" uniqKey="Wu Z" first="Zhangyan" last="Wu">Zhangyan Wu</name>
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, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sampath, Perumal" sort="Sampath, Perumal" uniqKey="Sampath P" first="Perumal" last="Sampath">Perumal Sampath</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a11"><institution>Department of Plant Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University</institution>
, Seoul 151-921,<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Wang, Zhuo" sort="Wang, Zhuo" uniqKey="Wang Z" first="Zhuo" last="Wang">Zhuo Wang</name>
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, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Guo, Hui" sort="Guo, Hui" uniqKey="Guo H" first="Hui" last="Guo">Hui Guo</name>
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, Athens, Georgia 30605,<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Pan, Shengkai" sort="Pan, Shengkai" uniqKey="Pan S" first="Shengkai" last="Pan">Shengkai Pan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen</institution>
, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, Limei" sort="Yang, Limei" uniqKey="Yang L" first="Limei" last="Yang">Limei Yang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Beijing 10081,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Min, Jiumeng" sort="Min, Jiumeng" uniqKey="Min J" first="Jiumeng" last="Min">Jiumeng Min</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen</institution>
, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Dong" sort="Zhang, Dong" uniqKey="Zhang D" first="Dong" last="Zhang">Dong Zhang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia</institution>
, Athens, Georgia 30605,<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jin, Dianchuan" sort="Jin, Dianchuan" uniqKey="Jin D" first="Dianchuan" last="Jin">Dianchuan Jin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a8"><institution>Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, and School of Sciences, Hebei United University</institution>
, Tangshan 063000,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Wanshun" sort="Li, Wanshun" uniqKey="Li W" first="Wanshun" last="Li">Wanshun Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen</institution>
, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Belcram, Harry" sort="Belcram, Harry" uniqKey="Belcram H" first="Harry" last="Belcram">Harry Belcram</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a15"><institution>Organization and Evolution of Plant Genomes, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1165 (Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Evry Val d’Essonne)</institution>
, Evry 91057,<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tu, Jinxing" sort="Tu, Jinxing" uniqKey="Tu J" first="Jinxing" last="Tu">Jinxing Tu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a16"><institution>National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University</institution>
, Wuhan 430070,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guan, Mei" sort="Guan, Mei" uniqKey="Guan M" first="Mei" last="Guan">Mei Guan</name>
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, Changsha 410128,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Qi, Cunkou" sort="Qi, Cunkou" uniqKey="Qi C" first="Cunkou" last="Qi">Cunkou Qi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a18"><institution>Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Nanjing 210014,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Du, Dezhi" sort="Du, Dezhi" uniqKey="Du D" first="Dezhi" last="Du">Dezhi Du</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a19"><institution>Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Innovation and Utilization of Plateau Crop Germplasm</institution>
, Xining 810016,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Jiana" sort="Li, Jiana" uniqKey="Li J" first="Jiana" last="Li">Jiana Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, BeiBei District</institution>
, Chongqing 400715,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jiang, Liangcai" sort="Jiang, Liangcai" uniqKey="Jiang L" first="Liangcai" last="Jiang">Liangcai Jiang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Chengdu 610066,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Batley, Jacqueline" sort="Batley, Jacqueline" uniqKey="Batley J" first="Jacqueline" last="Batley">Jacqueline Batley</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a20"><institution>Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, University of Queensland</institution>
, Brisbane, Queensland 4072,<country>Australia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharpe, Andrew G" sort="Sharpe, Andrew G" uniqKey="Sharpe A" first="Andrew G" last="Sharpe">Andrew G. Sharpe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a21"><institution>National Research Council Canada</institution>
, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan,<country>Canada</country>
 S7N 0W9</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Park, Beom Seok" sort="Park, Beom Seok" uniqKey="Park B" first="Beom-Seok" last="Park">Beom-Seok Park</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a22"><institution>The Agricultural Genome Center, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA</institution>
, 126 Suin-Ro, Suwon 441-707,<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ruperao, Pradeep" sort="Ruperao, Pradeep" uniqKey="Ruperao P" first="Pradeep" last="Ruperao">Pradeep Ruperao</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland</institution>
, Brisbane, Queensland 4072,<country>Australia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cheng, Feng" sort="Cheng, Feng" uniqKey="Cheng F" first="Feng" last="Cheng">Feng Cheng</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Beijing 10081,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Waminal, Nomar Espinosa" sort="Waminal, Nomar Espinosa" uniqKey="Waminal N" first="Nomar Espinosa" last="Waminal">Nomar Espinosa Waminal</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a11"><institution>Department of Plant Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University</institution>
, Seoul 151-921,<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a23"><institution>Department of Life Science, Plant Biotechnology Institute, Sahmyook University</institution>
, Seoul 139-742,<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huang, Yin" sort="Huang, Yin" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yin" last="Huang">Yin Huang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen</institution>
, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dong, Caihua" sort="Dong, Caihua" uniqKey="Dong C" first="Caihua" last="Dong">Caihua Dong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Wuhan 430062,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Li" sort="Wang, Li" uniqKey="Wang L" first="Li" last="Wang">Li Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a8"><institution>Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, and School of Sciences, Hebei United University</institution>
, Tangshan 063000,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Jingping" sort="Li, Jingping" uniqKey="Li J" first="Jingping" last="Li">Jingping Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia</institution>
, Athens, Georgia 30605,<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hu, Zhiyong" sort="Hu, Zhiyong" uniqKey="Hu Z" first="Zhiyong" last="Hu">Zhiyong Hu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Wuhan 430062,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhuang, Mu" sort="Zhuang, Mu" uniqKey="Zhuang M" first="Mu" last="Zhuang">Mu Zhuang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Beijing 10081,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huang, Yi" sort="Huang, Yi" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yi" last="Huang">Yi Huang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Wuhan 430062,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huang, Junyan" sort="Huang, Junyan" uniqKey="Huang J" first="Junyan" last="Huang">Junyan Huang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Wuhan 430062,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shi, Jiaqin" sort="Shi, Jiaqin" uniqKey="Shi J" first="Jiaqin" last="Shi">Jiaqin Shi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Wuhan 430062,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mei, Desheng" sort="Mei, Desheng" uniqKey="Mei D" first="Desheng" last="Mei">Desheng Mei</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Wuhan 430062,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Jing" sort="Liu, Jing" uniqKey="Liu J" first="Jing" last="Liu">Jing Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Wuhan 430062,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Tae Ho" sort="Lee, Tae Ho" uniqKey="Lee T" first="Tae-Ho" last="Lee">Tae-Ho Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia</institution>
, Athens, Georgia 30605,<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Jinpeng" sort="Wang, Jinpeng" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jinpeng" last="Wang">Jinpeng Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a8"><institution>Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, and School of Sciences, Hebei United University</institution>
, Tangshan 063000,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jin, Huizhe" sort="Jin, Huizhe" uniqKey="Jin H" first="Huizhe" last="Jin">Huizhe Jin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia</institution>
, Athens, Georgia 30605,<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Zaiyun" sort="Li, Zaiyun" uniqKey="Li Z" first="Zaiyun" last="Li">Zaiyun Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a16"><institution>National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University</institution>
, Wuhan 430070,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Xun" sort="Li, Xun" uniqKey="Li X" first="Xun" last="Li">Xun Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a17"><institution>College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University</institution>
, Changsha 410128,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Jiefu" sort="Zhang, Jiefu" uniqKey="Zhang J" first="Jiefu" last="Zhang">Jiefu Zhang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a18"><institution>Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Nanjing 210014,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xiao, Lu" sort="Xiao, Lu" uniqKey="Xiao L" first="Lu" last="Xiao">Lu Xiao</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a19"><institution>Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Innovation and Utilization of Plateau Crop Germplasm</institution>
, Xining 810016,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Yongming" sort="Zhou, Yongming" uniqKey="Zhou Y" first="Yongming" last="Zhou">Yongming Zhou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a16"><institution>National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University</institution>
, Wuhan 430070,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Zhongsong" sort="Liu, Zhongsong" uniqKey="Liu Z" first="Zhongsong" last="Liu">Zhongsong Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a17"><institution>College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University</institution>
, Changsha 410128,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Xuequn" sort="Liu, Xuequn" uniqKey="Liu X" first="Xuequn" last="Liu">Xuequn Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a24"><institution>School of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationality</institution>
, Wuhan 430074,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Qin, Rui" sort="Qin, Rui" uniqKey="Qin R" first="Rui" last="Qin">Rui Qin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a24"><institution>School of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationality</institution>
, Wuhan 430074,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tang, Xu" sort="Tang, Xu" uniqKey="Tang X" first="Xu" last="Tang">Xu Tang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia</institution>
, Athens, Georgia 30605,<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Wenbin" sort="Liu, Wenbin" uniqKey="Liu W" first="Wenbin" last="Liu">Wenbin Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen</institution>
, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Yupeng" sort="Wang, Yupeng" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yupeng" last="Wang">Yupeng Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia</institution>
, Athens, Georgia 30605,<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yangyong" sort="Zhang, Yangyong" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yangyong" last="Zhang">Yangyong Zhang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Beijing 10081,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Jonghoon" sort="Lee, Jonghoon" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jonghoon" last="Lee">Jonghoon Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a11"><institution>Department of Plant Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University</institution>
, Seoul 151-921,<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Hyun Hee" sort="Kim, Hyun Hee" uniqKey="Kim H" first="Hyun Hee" last="Kim">Hyun Hee Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a23"><institution>Department of Life Science, Plant Biotechnology Institute, Sahmyook University</institution>
, Seoul 139-742,<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Denoeud, France" sort="Denoeud, France" uniqKey="Denoeud F" first="France" last="Denoeud">France Denoeud</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a25"><institution>Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Genoscope, Institut de Génomique, BP5706</institution>
 Evry 91057,<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a26"><institution>Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Evry, UMR 8030, CP5706</institution>
, Evry 91057,<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xu, Xun" sort="Xu, Xun" uniqKey="Xu X" first="Xun" last="Xu">Xun Xu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen</institution>
, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liang, Xinming" sort="Liang, Xinming" uniqKey="Liang X" first="Xinming" last="Liang">Xinming Liang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen</institution>
, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hua, Wei" sort="Hua, Wei" uniqKey="Hua W" first="Wei" last="Hua">Wei Hua</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Wuhan 430062,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Xiaowu" sort="Wang, Xiaowu" uniqKey="Wang X" first="Xiaowu" last="Wang">Xiaowu Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Beijing 10081,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Jun" sort="Wang, Jun" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jun" last="Wang">Jun Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen</institution>
, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a27"><institution>Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200</institution>
, Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a28"><institution>King Abdulaziz University</institution>
, Jeddah, 21589,<country>Saudi Arabia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a29"><institution>Department of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong</institution>
, 21 Sassoon Road,<country>Hong Kong</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chalhoub, Boulos" sort="Chalhoub, Boulos" uniqKey="Chalhoub B" first="Boulos" last="Chalhoub">Boulos Chalhoub</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a15"><institution>Organization and Evolution of Plant Genomes, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1165 (Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Evry Val d’Essonne)</institution>
, Evry 91057,<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paterson, Andrew H" sort="Paterson, Andrew H" uniqKey="Paterson A" first="Andrew H" last="Paterson">Andrew H. Paterson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia</institution>
, Athens, Georgia 30605,<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">24852848</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4279128</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4279128</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4279128</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1038/ncomms4930</idno>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000109</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000109</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000109</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000109</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001323</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001323</idno>
<idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">003770</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">003770</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">003656</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">003656</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">003656</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">003656</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">001A47</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">001A47</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">001A47</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">003486</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">003470</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">003470</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The <italic>Brassica oleracea</italic> genome reveals the asymmetrical evolution of polyploid
genomes</title>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Shengyi" sort="Liu, Shengyi" uniqKey="Liu S" first="Shengyi" last="Liu">Shengyi Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Wuhan 430062,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="a30">These are joint first authors</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Yumei" sort="Liu, Yumei" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yumei" last="Liu">Yumei Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Beijing 10081,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="a30">These are joint first authors</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, Xinhua" sort="Yang, Xinhua" uniqKey="Yang X" first="Xinhua" last="Yang">Xinhua Yang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen</institution>
, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="a30">These are joint first authors</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tong, Chaobo" sort="Tong, Chaobo" uniqKey="Tong C" first="Chaobo" last="Tong">Chaobo Tong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Wuhan 430062,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="a30">These are joint first authors</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Edwards, David" sort="Edwards, David" uniqKey="Edwards D" first="David" last="Edwards">David Edwards</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland</institution>
, Brisbane, Queensland 4072,<country>Australia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="a30">These are joint first authors</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Parkin, Isobel A P" sort="Parkin, Isobel A P" uniqKey="Parkin I" first="Isobel A. P." last="Parkin">Isobel A. P. Parkin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada</institution>
, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan,<country>Canada</country>
 S7N OX2</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="a30">These are joint first authors</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, Meixia" sort="Zhao, Meixia" uniqKey="Zhao M" first="Meixia" last="Zhao">Meixia Zhao</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Wuhan 430062,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Department of Agronomy, Purdue University</institution>
, WSLR Building B018, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907,<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ma, Jianxin" sort="Ma, Jianxin" uniqKey="Ma J" first="Jianxin" last="Ma">Jianxin Ma</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>Department of Agronomy, Purdue University</institution>
, WSLR Building B018, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907,<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yu, Jingyin" sort="Yu, Jingyin" uniqKey="Yu J" first="Jingyin" last="Yu">Jingyin Yu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Wuhan 430062,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huang, Shunmou" sort="Huang, Shunmou" uniqKey="Huang S" first="Shunmou" last="Huang">Shunmou Huang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Wuhan 430062,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Xiyin" sort="Wang, Xiyin" uniqKey="Wang X" first="Xiyin" last="Wang">Xiyin Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia</institution>
, Athens, Georgia 30605,<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a8"><institution>Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, and School of Sciences, Hebei United University</institution>
, Tangshan 063000,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Junyi" sort="Wang, Junyi" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Junyi" last="Wang">Junyi Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen</institution>
, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lu, Kun" sort="Lu, Kun" uniqKey="Lu K" first="Kun" last="Lu">Kun Lu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, BeiBei District</institution>
, Chongqing 400715,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fang, Zhiyuan" sort="Fang, Zhiyuan" uniqKey="Fang Z" first="Zhiyuan" last="Fang">Zhiyuan Fang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Beijing 10081,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bancroft, Ian" sort="Bancroft, Ian" uniqKey="Bancroft I" first="Ian" last="Bancroft">Ian Bancroft</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way</institution>
, Heslington, York YO10 5DD,<country>UK</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, Tae Jin" sort="Yang, Tae Jin" uniqKey="Yang T" first="Tae-Jin" last="Yang">Tae-Jin Yang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a11"><institution>Department of Plant Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University</institution>
, Seoul 151-921,<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hu, Qiong" sort="Hu, Qiong" uniqKey="Hu Q" first="Qiong" last="Hu">Qiong Hu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Wuhan 430062,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Xinfa" sort="Wang, Xinfa" uniqKey="Wang X" first="Xinfa" last="Wang">Xinfa Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Wuhan 430062,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yue, Zhen" sort="Yue, Zhen" uniqKey="Yue Z" first="Zhen" last="Yue">Zhen Yue</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen</institution>
, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Haojie" sort="Li, Haojie" uniqKey="Li H" first="Haojie" last="Li">Haojie Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Chengdu 610066,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, Linfeng" sort="Yang, Linfeng" uniqKey="Yang L" first="Linfeng" last="Yang">Linfeng Yang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen</institution>
, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wu, Jian" sort="Wu, Jian" uniqKey="Wu J" first="Jian" last="Wu">Jian Wu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Beijing 10081,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Qing" sort="Zhou, Qing" uniqKey="Zhou Q" first="Qing" last="Zhou">Qing Zhou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen</institution>
, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Wanxin" sort="Wang, Wanxin" uniqKey="Wang W" first="Wanxin" last="Wang">Wanxin Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Beijing 10081,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="King, Graham J" sort="King, Graham J" uniqKey="King G" first="Graham J" last="King">Graham J. King</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a13"><institution>Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University</institution>
, Lismore, New South Wales 2480,<country>Australia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pires, J Chris" sort="Pires, J Chris" uniqKey="Pires J" first="J. Chris" last="Pires">J. Chris Pires</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a14"><institution>Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri</institution>
, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7310,<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lu, Changxin" sort="Lu, Changxin" uniqKey="Lu C" first="Changxin" last="Lu">Changxin Lu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen</institution>
, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wu, Zhangyan" sort="Wu, Zhangyan" uniqKey="Wu Z" first="Zhangyan" last="Wu">Zhangyan Wu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen</institution>
, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sampath, Perumal" sort="Sampath, Perumal" uniqKey="Sampath P" first="Perumal" last="Sampath">Perumal Sampath</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a11"><institution>Department of Plant Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University</institution>
, Seoul 151-921,<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Zhuo" sort="Wang, Zhuo" uniqKey="Wang Z" first="Zhuo" last="Wang">Zhuo Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen</institution>
, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guo, Hui" sort="Guo, Hui" uniqKey="Guo H" first="Hui" last="Guo">Hui Guo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia</institution>
, Athens, Georgia 30605,<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pan, Shengkai" sort="Pan, Shengkai" uniqKey="Pan S" first="Shengkai" last="Pan">Shengkai Pan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen</institution>
, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, Limei" sort="Yang, Limei" uniqKey="Yang L" first="Limei" last="Yang">Limei Yang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Beijing 10081,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Min, Jiumeng" sort="Min, Jiumeng" uniqKey="Min J" first="Jiumeng" last="Min">Jiumeng Min</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen</institution>
, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Dong" sort="Zhang, Dong" uniqKey="Zhang D" first="Dong" last="Zhang">Dong Zhang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia</institution>
, Athens, Georgia 30605,<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jin, Dianchuan" sort="Jin, Dianchuan" uniqKey="Jin D" first="Dianchuan" last="Jin">Dianchuan Jin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a8"><institution>Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, and School of Sciences, Hebei United University</institution>
, Tangshan 063000,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Wanshun" sort="Li, Wanshun" uniqKey="Li W" first="Wanshun" last="Li">Wanshun Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen</institution>
, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Belcram, Harry" sort="Belcram, Harry" uniqKey="Belcram H" first="Harry" last="Belcram">Harry Belcram</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a15"><institution>Organization and Evolution of Plant Genomes, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1165 (Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Evry Val d’Essonne)</institution>
, Evry 91057,<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tu, Jinxing" sort="Tu, Jinxing" uniqKey="Tu J" first="Jinxing" last="Tu">Jinxing Tu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a16"><institution>National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University</institution>
, Wuhan 430070,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guan, Mei" sort="Guan, Mei" uniqKey="Guan M" first="Mei" last="Guan">Mei Guan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a17"><institution>College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University</institution>
, Changsha 410128,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Qi, Cunkou" sort="Qi, Cunkou" uniqKey="Qi C" first="Cunkou" last="Qi">Cunkou Qi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a18"><institution>Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Nanjing 210014,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Du, Dezhi" sort="Du, Dezhi" uniqKey="Du D" first="Dezhi" last="Du">Dezhi Du</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a19"><institution>Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Innovation and Utilization of Plateau Crop Germplasm</institution>
, Xining 810016,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Jiana" sort="Li, Jiana" uniqKey="Li J" first="Jiana" last="Li">Jiana Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, BeiBei District</institution>
, Chongqing 400715,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jiang, Liangcai" sort="Jiang, Liangcai" uniqKey="Jiang L" first="Liangcai" last="Jiang">Liangcai Jiang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Chengdu 610066,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Batley, Jacqueline" sort="Batley, Jacqueline" uniqKey="Batley J" first="Jacqueline" last="Batley">Jacqueline Batley</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a20"><institution>Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, University of Queensland</institution>
, Brisbane, Queensland 4072,<country>Australia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharpe, Andrew G" sort="Sharpe, Andrew G" uniqKey="Sharpe A" first="Andrew G" last="Sharpe">Andrew G. Sharpe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a21"><institution>National Research Council Canada</institution>
, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan,<country>Canada</country>
 S7N 0W9</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Park, Beom Seok" sort="Park, Beom Seok" uniqKey="Park B" first="Beom-Seok" last="Park">Beom-Seok Park</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a22"><institution>The Agricultural Genome Center, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA</institution>
, 126 Suin-Ro, Suwon 441-707,<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ruperao, Pradeep" sort="Ruperao, Pradeep" uniqKey="Ruperao P" first="Pradeep" last="Ruperao">Pradeep Ruperao</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland</institution>
, Brisbane, Queensland 4072,<country>Australia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cheng, Feng" sort="Cheng, Feng" uniqKey="Cheng F" first="Feng" last="Cheng">Feng Cheng</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Beijing 10081,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Waminal, Nomar Espinosa" sort="Waminal, Nomar Espinosa" uniqKey="Waminal N" first="Nomar Espinosa" last="Waminal">Nomar Espinosa Waminal</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a11"><institution>Department of Plant Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University</institution>
, Seoul 151-921,<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a23"><institution>Department of Life Science, Plant Biotechnology Institute, Sahmyook University</institution>
, Seoul 139-742,<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huang, Yin" sort="Huang, Yin" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yin" last="Huang">Yin Huang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen</institution>
, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dong, Caihua" sort="Dong, Caihua" uniqKey="Dong C" first="Caihua" last="Dong">Caihua Dong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Wuhan 430062,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Li" sort="Wang, Li" uniqKey="Wang L" first="Li" last="Wang">Li Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a8"><institution>Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, and School of Sciences, Hebei United University</institution>
, Tangshan 063000,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Jingping" sort="Li, Jingping" uniqKey="Li J" first="Jingping" last="Li">Jingping Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia</institution>
, Athens, Georgia 30605,<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hu, Zhiyong" sort="Hu, Zhiyong" uniqKey="Hu Z" first="Zhiyong" last="Hu">Zhiyong Hu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Wuhan 430062,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhuang, Mu" sort="Zhuang, Mu" uniqKey="Zhuang M" first="Mu" last="Zhuang">Mu Zhuang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Beijing 10081,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huang, Yi" sort="Huang, Yi" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yi" last="Huang">Yi Huang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Wuhan 430062,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huang, Junyan" sort="Huang, Junyan" uniqKey="Huang J" first="Junyan" last="Huang">Junyan Huang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Wuhan 430062,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shi, Jiaqin" sort="Shi, Jiaqin" uniqKey="Shi J" first="Jiaqin" last="Shi">Jiaqin Shi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Wuhan 430062,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mei, Desheng" sort="Mei, Desheng" uniqKey="Mei D" first="Desheng" last="Mei">Desheng Mei</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Wuhan 430062,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Jing" sort="Liu, Jing" uniqKey="Liu J" first="Jing" last="Liu">Jing Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Wuhan 430062,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Tae Ho" sort="Lee, Tae Ho" uniqKey="Lee T" first="Tae-Ho" last="Lee">Tae-Ho Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia</institution>
, Athens, Georgia 30605,<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Jinpeng" sort="Wang, Jinpeng" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jinpeng" last="Wang">Jinpeng Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a8"><institution>Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, and School of Sciences, Hebei United University</institution>
, Tangshan 063000,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jin, Huizhe" sort="Jin, Huizhe" uniqKey="Jin H" first="Huizhe" last="Jin">Huizhe Jin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia</institution>
, Athens, Georgia 30605,<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Zaiyun" sort="Li, Zaiyun" uniqKey="Li Z" first="Zaiyun" last="Li">Zaiyun Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a16"><institution>National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University</institution>
, Wuhan 430070,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Xun" sort="Li, Xun" uniqKey="Li X" first="Xun" last="Li">Xun Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a17"><institution>College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University</institution>
, Changsha 410128,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Jiefu" sort="Zhang, Jiefu" uniqKey="Zhang J" first="Jiefu" last="Zhang">Jiefu Zhang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a18"><institution>Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Nanjing 210014,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xiao, Lu" sort="Xiao, Lu" uniqKey="Xiao L" first="Lu" last="Xiao">Lu Xiao</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a19"><institution>Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Innovation and Utilization of Plateau Crop Germplasm</institution>
, Xining 810016,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Yongming" sort="Zhou, Yongming" uniqKey="Zhou Y" first="Yongming" last="Zhou">Yongming Zhou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a16"><institution>National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University</institution>
, Wuhan 430070,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Zhongsong" sort="Liu, Zhongsong" uniqKey="Liu Z" first="Zhongsong" last="Liu">Zhongsong Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a17"><institution>College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University</institution>
, Changsha 410128,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Xuequn" sort="Liu, Xuequn" uniqKey="Liu X" first="Xuequn" last="Liu">Xuequn Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a24"><institution>School of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationality</institution>
, Wuhan 430074,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Qin, Rui" sort="Qin, Rui" uniqKey="Qin R" first="Rui" last="Qin">Rui Qin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a24"><institution>School of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationality</institution>
, Wuhan 430074,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tang, Xu" sort="Tang, Xu" uniqKey="Tang X" first="Xu" last="Tang">Xu Tang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia</institution>
, Athens, Georgia 30605,<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Wenbin" sort="Liu, Wenbin" uniqKey="Liu W" first="Wenbin" last="Liu">Wenbin Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen</institution>
, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Yupeng" sort="Wang, Yupeng" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yupeng" last="Wang">Yupeng Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia</institution>
, Athens, Georgia 30605,<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yangyong" sort="Zhang, Yangyong" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yangyong" last="Zhang">Yangyong Zhang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Beijing 10081,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Jonghoon" sort="Lee, Jonghoon" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jonghoon" last="Lee">Jonghoon Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a11"><institution>Department of Plant Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University</institution>
, Seoul 151-921,<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Hyun Hee" sort="Kim, Hyun Hee" uniqKey="Kim H" first="Hyun Hee" last="Kim">Hyun Hee Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a23"><institution>Department of Life Science, Plant Biotechnology Institute, Sahmyook University</institution>
, Seoul 139-742,<country>Republic of Korea</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Denoeud, France" sort="Denoeud, France" uniqKey="Denoeud F" first="France" last="Denoeud">France Denoeud</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a25"><institution>Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Genoscope, Institut de Génomique, BP5706</institution>
 Evry 91057,<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a26"><institution>Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Evry, UMR 8030, CP5706</institution>
, Evry 91057,<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xu, Xun" sort="Xu, Xun" uniqKey="Xu X" first="Xun" last="Xu">Xun Xu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen</institution>
, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liang, Xinming" sort="Liang, Xinming" uniqKey="Liang X" first="Xinming" last="Liang">Xinming Liang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen</institution>
, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hua, Wei" sort="Hua, Wei" uniqKey="Hua W" first="Wei" last="Hua">Wei Hua</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Wuhan 430062,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Xiaowu" sort="Wang, Xiaowu" uniqKey="Wang X" first="Xiaowu" last="Wang">Xiaowu Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences</institution>
, Beijing 10081,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Jun" sort="Wang, Jun" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jun" last="Wang">Jun Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Beijing Genome Institute-Shenzhen</institution>
, Shenzhen 518083,<country>China</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a27"><institution>Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200</institution>
, Copenhagen,<country>Denmark</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a28"><institution>King Abdulaziz University</institution>
, Jeddah, 21589,<country>Saudi Arabia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a29"><institution>Department of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong</institution>
, 21 Sassoon Road,<country>Hong Kong</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chalhoub, Boulos" sort="Chalhoub, Boulos" uniqKey="Chalhoub B" first="Boulos" last="Chalhoub">Boulos Chalhoub</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a15"><institution>Organization and Evolution of Plant Genomes, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1165 (Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Evry Val d’Essonne)</institution>
, Evry 91057,<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paterson, Andrew H" sort="Paterson, Andrew H" uniqKey="Paterson A" first="Andrew H" last="Paterson">Andrew H. Paterson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia</institution>
, Athens, Georgia 30605,<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Nature Communications</title>
<idno type="eISSN">2041-1723</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Arabidopsis (genetics)</term>
<term>Brassica (genetics)</term>
<term>Conserved Sequence</term>
<term>DNA Transposable Elements (genetics)</term>
<term>Evolution, Molecular</term>
<term>Gene Conversion</term>
<term>Gene Dosage</term>
<term>Gene Duplication</term>
<term>Gene Rearrangement (genetics)</term>
<term>Genes, Duplicate</term>
<term>Genes, Plant</term>
<term>Genetic Variation</term>
<term>Genome, Plant</term>
<term>Glucosinolates (metabolism)</term>
<term>Molecular Sequence Annotation</term>
<term>Polyploidy</term>
<term>Species Specificity</term>
<term>Synteny (genetics)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Annotation de séquence moléculaire</term>
<term>Arabidopsis (génétique)</term>
<term>Brassica (génétique)</term>
<term>Conversion des gènes</term>
<term>Dosage génique</term>
<term>Duplication de gène</term>
<term>Glucosinolates (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Gènes de plante</term>
<term>Gènes dupliqués</term>
<term>Génome végétal</term>
<term>Polyploïdie</term>
<term>Réarrangement des gènes (génétique)</term>
<term>Spécificité d'espèce</term>
<term>Synténie (génétique)</term>
<term>Séquence conservée</term>
<term>Variation génétique</term>
<term>Éléments transposables d'ADN (génétique)</term>
<term>Évolution moléculaire</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>DNA Transposable Elements</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Arabidopsis</term>
<term>Brassica</term>
<term>Gene Rearrangement</term>
<term>Synteny</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Arabidopsis</term>
<term>Brassica</term>
<term>Réarrangement des gènes</term>
<term>Synténie</term>
<term>Éléments transposables d'ADN</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Glucosinolates</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Glucosinolates</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Conserved Sequence</term>
<term>Evolution, Molecular</term>
<term>Gene Conversion</term>
<term>Gene Dosage</term>
<term>Gene Duplication</term>
<term>Genes, Duplicate</term>
<term>Genes, Plant</term>
<term>Genetic Variation</term>
<term>Genome, Plant</term>
<term>Molecular Sequence Annotation</term>
<term>Polyploidy</term>
<term>Species Specificity</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Annotation de séquence moléculaire</term>
<term>Conversion des gènes</term>
<term>Dosage génique</term>
<term>Duplication de gène</term>
<term>Gènes de plante</term>
<term>Gènes dupliqués</term>
<term>Génome végétal</term>
<term>Polyploïdie</term>
<term>Spécificité d'espèce</term>
<term>Séquence conservée</term>
<term>Variation génétique</term>
<term>Évolution moléculaire</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Polyploidization has provided much genetic variation for plant adaptive evolution,
but the mechanisms by which the molecular evolution of polyploid genomes establishes
genetic architecture underlying species differentiation are unclear. <italic>Brassica</italic>is an ideal model to increase knowledge of polyploid evolution. Here we describe a
draft genome sequence of <italic>Brassica oleracea</italic>, comparing it with that of its
sister species <italic>B. rapa</italic> to reveal numerous chromosome rearrangements and
asymmetrical gene loss in duplicated genomic blocks, asymmetrical amplification of
transposable elements, differential gene co-retention for specific pathways and
variation in gene expression, including alternative splicing, among a large number
of paralogous and orthologous genes. Genes related to the production of anticancer
phytochemicals and morphological variations illustrate consequences of genome
duplication and gene divergence, imparting biochemical and morphological variation
to <italic>B. oleracea</italic>
. This study provides insights into <italic>Brassica</italic> genome
evolution and will underpin research into the many important crops in this
genus.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<author><name sortKey="Bennetzen, J L" uniqKey="Bennetzen J">J. L. Bennetzen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wicker, T" uniqKey="Wicker T">T. Wicker</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smit, A" uniqKey="Smit A">A. Smit</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hubley, R" uniqKey="Hubley R">R. Hubley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Green, P" uniqKey="Green P">P. Green</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, L" uniqKey="Li L">L. Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stoeckert, C J" uniqKey="Stoeckert C">C. J. Stoeckert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roos, D X0a S" uniqKey="Roos D">D.
S. Roos</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Larkin, M A" uniqKey="Larkin M">M. A. Larkin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tamura, K" uniqKey="Tamura K">K. Tamura</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guindon, S" uniqKey="Guindon S">S. Guindon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Delsuc, F" uniqKey="Delsuc F">F. Delsuc</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dufayard, J X0a F" uniqKey="Dufayard J">J.
F. Dufayard</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gascuel, O" uniqKey="Gascuel O">O. Gascuel</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Trapnell, C" uniqKey="Trapnell C">C. Trapnell</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Roulin, A" uniqKey="Roulin A">A. Roulin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gu, K" uniqKey="Gu K">K. Gu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ng, H X0a K" uniqKey="Ng H">H.
K. Ng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tang, M L" uniqKey="Tang M">M. L. Tang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schucany, W R" uniqKey="Schucany W">W. R. Schucany</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Benjamini, Y" uniqKey="Benjamini Y">Y. Benjamini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hochberg, Y" uniqKey="Hochberg Y">Y. Hochberg</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kimura, M" uniqKey="Kimura M">M. Kimura</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tamura, K" uniqKey="Tamura K">K. Tamura</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dudley, J" uniqKey="Dudley J">J. Dudley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nei, M" uniqKey="Nei M">M. Nei</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kumar, S" uniqKey="Kumar S">S. Kumar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Arabie saoudite</li>
<li>Australie</li>
<li>Canada</li>
<li>Corée du Sud</li>
<li>Danemark</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Hong Kong</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>République populaire de Chine</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Liu, Shengyi" sort="Liu, Shengyi" uniqKey="Liu S" first="Shengyi" last="Liu">Shengyi Liu</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Cheng, Feng" sort="Cheng, Feng" uniqKey="Cheng F" first="Feng" last="Cheng">Feng Cheng</name>
<name sortKey="Dong, Caihua" sort="Dong, Caihua" uniqKey="Dong C" first="Caihua" last="Dong">Caihua Dong</name>
<name sortKey="Du, Dezhi" sort="Du, Dezhi" uniqKey="Du D" first="Dezhi" last="Du">Dezhi Du</name>
<name sortKey="Fang, Zhiyuan" sort="Fang, Zhiyuan" uniqKey="Fang Z" first="Zhiyuan" last="Fang">Zhiyuan Fang</name>
<name sortKey="Guan, Mei" sort="Guan, Mei" uniqKey="Guan M" first="Mei" last="Guan">Mei Guan</name>
<name sortKey="Hu, Qiong" sort="Hu, Qiong" uniqKey="Hu Q" first="Qiong" last="Hu">Qiong Hu</name>
<name sortKey="Hu, Zhiyong" sort="Hu, Zhiyong" uniqKey="Hu Z" first="Zhiyong" last="Hu">Zhiyong Hu</name>
<name sortKey="Hua, Wei" sort="Hua, Wei" uniqKey="Hua W" first="Wei" last="Hua">Wei Hua</name>
<name sortKey="Huang, Junyan" sort="Huang, Junyan" uniqKey="Huang J" first="Junyan" last="Huang">Junyan Huang</name>
<name sortKey="Huang, Shunmou" sort="Huang, Shunmou" uniqKey="Huang S" first="Shunmou" last="Huang">Shunmou Huang</name>
<name sortKey="Huang, Yi" sort="Huang, Yi" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yi" last="Huang">Yi Huang</name>
<name sortKey="Huang, Yin" sort="Huang, Yin" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yin" last="Huang">Yin Huang</name>
<name sortKey="Jiang, Liangcai" sort="Jiang, Liangcai" uniqKey="Jiang L" first="Liangcai" last="Jiang">Liangcai Jiang</name>
<name sortKey="Jin, Dianchuan" sort="Jin, Dianchuan" uniqKey="Jin D" first="Dianchuan" last="Jin">Dianchuan Jin</name>
<name sortKey="Li, Haojie" sort="Li, Haojie" uniqKey="Li H" first="Haojie" last="Li">Haojie Li</name>
<name sortKey="Li, Jiana" sort="Li, Jiana" uniqKey="Li J" first="Jiana" last="Li">Jiana Li</name>
<name sortKey="Li, Wanshun" sort="Li, Wanshun" uniqKey="Li W" first="Wanshun" last="Li">Wanshun Li</name>
<name sortKey="Li, Xun" sort="Li, Xun" uniqKey="Li X" first="Xun" last="Li">Xun Li</name>
<name sortKey="Li, Zaiyun" sort="Li, Zaiyun" uniqKey="Li Z" first="Zaiyun" last="Li">Zaiyun Li</name>
<name sortKey="Liang, Xinming" sort="Liang, Xinming" uniqKey="Liang X" first="Xinming" last="Liang">Xinming Liang</name>
<name sortKey="Liu, Jing" sort="Liu, Jing" uniqKey="Liu J" first="Jing" last="Liu">Jing Liu</name>
<name sortKey="Liu, Wenbin" sort="Liu, Wenbin" uniqKey="Liu W" first="Wenbin" last="Liu">Wenbin Liu</name>
<name sortKey="Liu, Xuequn" sort="Liu, Xuequn" uniqKey="Liu X" first="Xuequn" last="Liu">Xuequn Liu</name>
<name sortKey="Liu, Yumei" sort="Liu, Yumei" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yumei" last="Liu">Yumei Liu</name>
<name sortKey="Liu, Zhongsong" sort="Liu, Zhongsong" uniqKey="Liu Z" first="Zhongsong" last="Liu">Zhongsong Liu</name>
<name sortKey="Lu, Changxin" sort="Lu, Changxin" uniqKey="Lu C" first="Changxin" last="Lu">Changxin Lu</name>
<name sortKey="Lu, Kun" sort="Lu, Kun" uniqKey="Lu K" first="Kun" last="Lu">Kun Lu</name>
<name sortKey="Mei, Desheng" sort="Mei, Desheng" uniqKey="Mei D" first="Desheng" last="Mei">Desheng Mei</name>
<name sortKey="Min, Jiumeng" sort="Min, Jiumeng" uniqKey="Min J" first="Jiumeng" last="Min">Jiumeng Min</name>
<name sortKey="Pan, Shengkai" sort="Pan, Shengkai" uniqKey="Pan S" first="Shengkai" last="Pan">Shengkai Pan</name>
<name sortKey="Qi, Cunkou" sort="Qi, Cunkou" uniqKey="Qi C" first="Cunkou" last="Qi">Cunkou Qi</name>
<name sortKey="Qin, Rui" sort="Qin, Rui" uniqKey="Qin R" first="Rui" last="Qin">Rui Qin</name>
<name sortKey="Shi, Jiaqin" sort="Shi, Jiaqin" uniqKey="Shi J" first="Jiaqin" last="Shi">Jiaqin Shi</name>
<name sortKey="Tong, Chaobo" sort="Tong, Chaobo" uniqKey="Tong C" first="Chaobo" last="Tong">Chaobo Tong</name>
<name sortKey="Tu, Jinxing" sort="Tu, Jinxing" uniqKey="Tu J" first="Jinxing" last="Tu">Jinxing Tu</name>
<name sortKey="Wang, Jinpeng" sort="Wang, Jinpeng" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jinpeng" last="Wang">Jinpeng Wang</name>
<name sortKey="Wang, Jun" sort="Wang, Jun" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jun" last="Wang">Jun Wang</name>
<name sortKey="Wang, Junyi" sort="Wang, Junyi" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Junyi" last="Wang">Junyi Wang</name>
<name sortKey="Wang, Li" sort="Wang, Li" uniqKey="Wang L" first="Li" last="Wang">Li Wang</name>
<name sortKey="Wang, Wanxin" sort="Wang, Wanxin" uniqKey="Wang W" first="Wanxin" last="Wang">Wanxin Wang</name>
<name sortKey="Wang, Xiaowu" sort="Wang, Xiaowu" uniqKey="Wang X" first="Xiaowu" last="Wang">Xiaowu Wang</name>
<name sortKey="Wang, Xinfa" sort="Wang, Xinfa" uniqKey="Wang X" first="Xinfa" last="Wang">Xinfa Wang</name>
<name sortKey="Wang, Xiyin" sort="Wang, Xiyin" uniqKey="Wang X" first="Xiyin" last="Wang">Xiyin Wang</name>
<name sortKey="Wang, Zhuo" sort="Wang, Zhuo" uniqKey="Wang Z" first="Zhuo" last="Wang">Zhuo Wang</name>
<name sortKey="Wu, Jian" sort="Wu, Jian" uniqKey="Wu J" first="Jian" last="Wu">Jian Wu</name>
<name sortKey="Wu, Zhangyan" sort="Wu, Zhangyan" uniqKey="Wu Z" first="Zhangyan" last="Wu">Zhangyan Wu</name>
<name sortKey="Xiao, Lu" sort="Xiao, Lu" uniqKey="Xiao L" first="Lu" last="Xiao">Lu Xiao</name>
<name sortKey="Xu, Xun" sort="Xu, Xun" uniqKey="Xu X" first="Xun" last="Xu">Xun Xu</name>
<name sortKey="Yang, Limei" sort="Yang, Limei" uniqKey="Yang L" first="Limei" last="Yang">Limei Yang</name>
<name sortKey="Yang, Linfeng" sort="Yang, Linfeng" uniqKey="Yang L" first="Linfeng" last="Yang">Linfeng Yang</name>
<name sortKey="Yang, Xinhua" sort="Yang, Xinhua" uniqKey="Yang X" first="Xinhua" last="Yang">Xinhua Yang</name>
<name sortKey="Yu, Jingyin" sort="Yu, Jingyin" uniqKey="Yu J" first="Jingyin" last="Yu">Jingyin Yu</name>
<name sortKey="Yue, Zhen" sort="Yue, Zhen" uniqKey="Yue Z" first="Zhen" last="Yue">Zhen Yue</name>
<name sortKey="Zhang, Jiefu" sort="Zhang, Jiefu" uniqKey="Zhang J" first="Jiefu" last="Zhang">Jiefu Zhang</name>
<name sortKey="Zhang, Yangyong" sort="Zhang, Yangyong" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yangyong" last="Zhang">Yangyong Zhang</name>
<name sortKey="Zhao, Meixia" sort="Zhao, Meixia" uniqKey="Zhao M" first="Meixia" last="Zhao">Meixia Zhao</name>
<name sortKey="Zhou, Qing" sort="Zhou, Qing" uniqKey="Zhou Q" first="Qing" last="Zhou">Qing Zhou</name>
<name sortKey="Zhou, Yongming" sort="Zhou, Yongming" uniqKey="Zhou Y" first="Yongming" last="Zhou">Yongming Zhou</name>
<name sortKey="Zhuang, Mu" sort="Zhuang, Mu" uniqKey="Zhuang M" first="Mu" last="Zhuang">Mu Zhuang</name>
</country>
<country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Edwards, David" sort="Edwards, David" uniqKey="Edwards D" first="David" last="Edwards">David Edwards</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Batley, Jacqueline" sort="Batley, Jacqueline" uniqKey="Batley J" first="Jacqueline" last="Batley">Jacqueline Batley</name>
<name sortKey="King, Graham J" sort="King, Graham J" uniqKey="King G" first="Graham J" last="King">Graham J. King</name>
<name sortKey="Ruperao, Pradeep" sort="Ruperao, Pradeep" uniqKey="Ruperao P" first="Pradeep" last="Ruperao">Pradeep Ruperao</name>
</country>
<country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Parkin, Isobel A P" sort="Parkin, Isobel A P" uniqKey="Parkin I" first="Isobel A. P." last="Parkin">Isobel A. P. Parkin</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Sharpe, Andrew G" sort="Sharpe, Andrew G" uniqKey="Sharpe A" first="Andrew G" last="Sharpe">Andrew G. Sharpe</name>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Zhao, Meixia" sort="Zhao, Meixia" uniqKey="Zhao M" first="Meixia" last="Zhao">Meixia Zhao</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Guo, Hui" sort="Guo, Hui" uniqKey="Guo H" first="Hui" last="Guo">Hui Guo</name>
<name sortKey="Jin, Huizhe" sort="Jin, Huizhe" uniqKey="Jin H" first="Huizhe" last="Jin">Huizhe Jin</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, Tae Ho" sort="Lee, Tae Ho" uniqKey="Lee T" first="Tae-Ho" last="Lee">Tae-Ho Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Li, Jingping" sort="Li, Jingping" uniqKey="Li J" first="Jingping" last="Li">Jingping Li</name>
<name sortKey="Ma, Jianxin" sort="Ma, Jianxin" uniqKey="Ma J" first="Jianxin" last="Ma">Jianxin Ma</name>
<name sortKey="Paterson, Andrew H" sort="Paterson, Andrew H" uniqKey="Paterson A" first="Andrew H" last="Paterson">Andrew H. Paterson</name>
<name sortKey="Pires, J Chris" sort="Pires, J Chris" uniqKey="Pires J" first="J. Chris" last="Pires">J. Chris Pires</name>
<name sortKey="Tang, Xu" sort="Tang, Xu" uniqKey="Tang X" first="Xu" last="Tang">Xu Tang</name>
<name sortKey="Wang, Xiyin" sort="Wang, Xiyin" uniqKey="Wang X" first="Xiyin" last="Wang">Xiyin Wang</name>
<name sortKey="Wang, Yupeng" sort="Wang, Yupeng" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yupeng" last="Wang">Yupeng Wang</name>
<name sortKey="Zhang, Dong" sort="Zhang, Dong" uniqKey="Zhang D" first="Dong" last="Zhang">Dong Zhang</name>
</country>
<country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Bancroft, Ian" sort="Bancroft, Ian" uniqKey="Bancroft I" first="Ian" last="Bancroft">Ian Bancroft</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Corée du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Yang, Tae Jin" sort="Yang, Tae Jin" uniqKey="Yang T" first="Tae-Jin" last="Yang">Tae-Jin Yang</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Kim, Hyun Hee" sort="Kim, Hyun Hee" uniqKey="Kim H" first="Hyun Hee" last="Kim">Hyun Hee Kim</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, Jonghoon" sort="Lee, Jonghoon" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jonghoon" last="Lee">Jonghoon Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Park, Beom Seok" sort="Park, Beom Seok" uniqKey="Park B" first="Beom-Seok" last="Park">Beom-Seok Park</name>
<name sortKey="Sampath, Perumal" sort="Sampath, Perumal" uniqKey="Sampath P" first="Perumal" last="Sampath">Perumal Sampath</name>
<name sortKey="Waminal, Nomar Espinosa" sort="Waminal, Nomar Espinosa" uniqKey="Waminal N" first="Nomar Espinosa" last="Waminal">Nomar Espinosa Waminal</name>
<name sortKey="Waminal, Nomar Espinosa" sort="Waminal, Nomar Espinosa" uniqKey="Waminal N" first="Nomar Espinosa" last="Waminal">Nomar Espinosa Waminal</name>
</country>
<country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Belcram, Harry" sort="Belcram, Harry" uniqKey="Belcram H" first="Harry" last="Belcram">Harry Belcram</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Chalhoub, Boulos" sort="Chalhoub, Boulos" uniqKey="Chalhoub B" first="Boulos" last="Chalhoub">Boulos Chalhoub</name>
<name sortKey="Denoeud, France" sort="Denoeud, France" uniqKey="Denoeud F" first="France" last="Denoeud">France Denoeud</name>
<name sortKey="Denoeud, France" sort="Denoeud, France" uniqKey="Denoeud F" first="France" last="Denoeud">France Denoeud</name>
</country>
<country name="Danemark"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wang, Jun" sort="Wang, Jun" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jun" last="Wang">Jun Wang</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Arabie saoudite"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wang, Jun" sort="Wang, Jun" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jun" last="Wang">Jun Wang</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Hong Kong"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wang, Jun" sort="Wang, Jun" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jun" last="Wang">Jun Wang</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie

The Brassica oleracea genome reveals the asymmetrical evolution of polyploid genomes

The Brassica oleracea genome reveals the asymmetrical evolution of polyploid genomes

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	Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie
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